Fig. 2: Changes of atmospheric circulations and Eurasian snow cover in November associated with reduced November Barents-Kara SIC.

Regressions of November (a) 200 hPa geopotential height (shaded, unit: 10−2 gpm) and WAF (vectors, unit: m2·s−2), (c) turbulent heat flux (thf, positive upwards, unit: 10−6 W·m−2), (e) WVF (vectors, unit: kg·m−1·s−1) and its divergence (shaded, unit: 10−6 kg·m−2·s−1), (g) TCSW (unit: kg·m−2) and (i) snow cover (unit: %) onto the sign-reversed November Barents-Kara SIC index during P1. b, d, f, h, j are as in (a, c, e, g, i), respectively, but for P2. Black boxes in (e–j) denote the key areas used to define the Eurasian snow cover zonal dipole structure index. Green contours indicate the 90% confidence levels.