Fig. 3: Diabatic heating anomalies and sea level pressure after the peak of NEP MHWs.

Composite diabatic heating (\({q}_{1}\); shading; unit: K/day) anomalies at 925 hPa based on JRA-55 dataset and sea level pressure (contour; unit: hPa) at a peak day, lags of b 1, c 2, d 3, e 4, f 5, g 6, and h 7 days. Stippling indicates statistically significant (p < 0.1) results based on a two-tailed Student’s t-test. The green boxes indicate the MHW study area.