Fig. 2: Changes in winter mean temperature and Tstd under different CO2 pathways. | npj Climate and Atmospheric Science

Fig. 2: Changes in winter mean temperature and Tstd under different CO2 pathways.

From: Hysteresis response of Northern Hemisphere winter temperature variability under different CO₂ removal pathways

Fig. 2

Changes in the mean winter temperature (contours) and Tstd (shading) relative to the mean of the piControl (CTL) run for (a) L1%, b M1%, c H1%, and d H2% experiments (Unit: K). The horizontal lines for each experiment indicate the time of peak CO2 concentration (violet) and the end of the ramp-down (blue). 45˚-65˚N is defined as the mid-latitude of the Northern Hemisphere (red dashed box). The stabilization period is defined as 150 years after the ramp-down period, after which it is masked. The results for the full integration period are presented in Fig. S2; e Time series of the standard deviation of the daily mean temperature (Tstd; green) in winter over 45˚-65˚N and the Arctic Amplification strength (AAF; blue) during the CO2 pathway (Unit: K). They are smoothed using a 15-year running mean.

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