Fig. 8: Changes in the diagnosed variance budget terms over eastern Canada as a function of CO₂ concentration (unit: K² s⁻¹). | npj Climate and Atmospheric Science

Fig. 8: Changes in the diagnosed variance budget terms over eastern Canada as a function of CO₂ concentration (unit: K² s⁻¹).

From: Hysteresis response of Northern Hemisphere winter temperature variability under different CO₂ removal pathways

Fig. 8: Changes in the diagnosed variance budget terms over eastern Canada as a function of CO₂ concentration (unit: K² s⁻¹).

a Mean zonal gradient-related term (\(-\bar{{u}^{{\prime} }{T}^{{\prime} }}{\partial }_{x}\bar{T}\)), b mean meridional gradient-related term (\(-\bar{{v}^{{\prime} }{T}^{{\prime} }}{\partial }_{y}\bar{T}\)) and c diabatic heating term (\(\bar{{Q}^{{\prime} }{T}^{{\prime} }}\)). The first to fourth rows correspond to the L1%, M1%, H1%, and H2% experiments, respectively. Ramp-up (RU; violet), ramp-down (RD; green), and stabilization (ST; yellow) phases are indicated by different colors. Light dots denote individual ensemble members, while dark dots represent the ensemble means (XX_ENS).

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