Fig. 2: Schematic of major O3 components and the O3 source attribution results acorss China.

a Schematic of the four major components of ambient O3 in China: transboundary (T-O3), transboundary-domestic coupled O3 (TDC-O3), and O3 produced from domestic AVOCs (DA-O3) and BVOCs (DB-O3), respectively. b Source attributions for monthly mean MDA8O3 concentrations at the surface (bottom panel), in the BL (middle panel), and in the FT (top panel). Each chart displays the relative contributions of T-O3, TDC-O3, DA-O3, DB-O3, and other minor sources. Source attribution results are area-averaged for different regions in China during September 10th to October 10th, 2019.