Table 1 Summary of studies exploring fungal organisms and their morphology in association with the host as commensals, opportunistic pathogens or pathogens in relation to disease outcomes in rodent models
From: The role of the mycobiome in host physiology and disease: insights from rodent models
Fungal organism | Scientific classification (phylum, class) | Morphologies | Interaction with mammalian host | Disease relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Alternaria spp. | Ascomycota, Dothideomycetes | Mold, hyphae | Commensal | −Increased abundance in the inflamed gastrointestinal tract18 |
Aspergillus amstelodami | Ascomycota, Eurotiomycetes | Mold, hyphae | Opportunistic pathogen | −Increased the severity of allergic airway disease17 |
Aspergillus spp. | Ascomycota, Eurotiomycetes | Mold-like, hyphae | Commensal, opportunistic pathogen, pathogen | −Enriched in diabetic rats41 −Increased after ethanol administration46 −Accelerated oncogenesis51 |
Candida albicans | Ascomycota, Saccharomycetes | Yeast and hyphae | Commensal, opportunistic pathogen | −Hepatocarcinogenesis59 −Protected against induced colitis20 |
Candida glabrata | Ascomycota, Saccharomycetes | Yeast or yeast-like | Opportunistic pathogen | −Worsening of induced colitis22 |
Candida parapsilosis | Ascomycota, Saccharomycetes | Yeast or yeast-like | Commensal, opportunistic pathogen | −Enhanced diet-induced obesity36 |
Candida spp. | Ascomycota, Saccharomycetes | Yeast or yeast-like | Commensal, opportunistic pathogen | −Increased abundance in the inflamed gastrointestinal tract18 −Delayed colitis healing process29 −Enriched in diabetic rats41 |
Candida tropicalis | Ascomycota, Saccharomycetes | Yeast or yeast-like | Commensal, opportunistic pathogen | −Reduced during antifungal treatment17 −Colorectal cancer55 |
Cryptococcus spp. | Basidiomycota, Tremellomycetes | Yeast or yeast-like | Pathogen | −Reduced abundance in the inflamed gastrointestinal tract18 −Enriched during metformin treatment39 |
Dipodascaceae | Ascomycota, Saccharomycetes | Yeast or yeast-like | Commensal | −Enriched during Alzheimer’s disease63 |
Epicoccum nigrum | Ascomycota, Dothideomycetes | Mold, hyphae | Commensal | −Increased severity of allergic airway disease17 |
Fusarium spp. | Ascomycota, Sordariomycetes | Hyphae | Commensal, opportunistic pathogen | −Enriched during metformin treatment39 −Increased after ethanol administration (alcoholic liver disease)46 |
Humicola spp. | Ascomycota, Sordariomycetes | Hyphae | Opportunistic pathogen | −Increased after ethanol administration (alcoholic liver disease)46 |
Isaatchenkia spp. | Ascomycota, Saccharomycetes | Yeast or yeast-like | Commensal | −Enriched in diabetic rats41 |
Malassezia spp. | Basidiomycota, Malasseziomycetes | Yeast-like | Commensal, opportunistic pathogen | −Accelerated oncogenesis51 |
Meyerozyma guilliermondii | Ascomycota, Saccharomycetes | Yeast or yeast-like | Commensal | −Increased after ethanol administration (alcoholic liver disease)47 |
Naganishia globosa | Basidiomycota, Tremellomycetes | Yeast-like | Opportunistic pathogen | −Enhanced diet-induced obesity36 |
Penicillium spp. | Ascomycota, Eurotiomycetes | Mold, hyphae | Commensal | −Reduced during antifungal treatment17 |
Phialemonium spp. | Ascomycota, Sordariomycetes | Hyphae | Opportunistic pathogen | −Reduced abundance in the inflamed gastrointestinal tract18 |
Saccharomycetales spp. | Ascomycota, Saccharomycetes | Yeast or yeast-like | Commensal | −Reduced abundance in the inflamed gastrointestinal tract18 −Decreased during metformin treatment39 |
Saccharomyces cerevisiae | Ascomycota, Saccharomycetes | Yeast or yeast-like | Commensal | −Protected against induced colitis20 |
Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii | Ascomycota, Saccharomycetes | Yeast or yeast-like | Commensal | −Reversed aspects of colitis30 |
Tetrapisispora spp. | Ascomycota, Saccharomycetes | Yeast | Commensal | −Enriched during metformin treatment39 |
Thermothielavioides spp. | Ascomycota, Sordariomycetes | Hyphae | Opportunistic pathogen | −Enriched during metformin treatment39 |
Wallemia sebi | Basidiomycota, Wallemiomycetes | Mold, hyphae | Commensal | −Increased severity of allergic airway disease17 −Reduced abundance in the inflamed gastrointestinal tract18 |
Wickerhamomyces spp. | Ascomycota, Saccharomycetes | Yeast or yeast-like | Commensal | −Increased abundance in the inflamed gastrointestinal tract18 |
Wolfiporia cocos | Basidiomycota, Agaricomycetes | Hyphae | Commensal | −Reduced hepatic stress after mycobiome disruption47 |
