Fig. 5: Elliptical Fourier analysis reveals higher contour irregularity in cancer.
From: Extreme wrinkling of the nuclear lamina is a morphological marker of cancer
Kernel density plots show the distribution of elliptical Fourier coefficient (EFC) ratios and nuclear areas for control and cancer tissues and for different tumor grades. The estimated kernel densities from the R = 100 random subsets were combined by averaging (see Methods). a Head and neck tissue; n = 1508, 1951, 1336, 250, 1603, 5140 nuclei for adjacent, grades 1–3, and pooled tumor grades, respectively. b Skin tissue; n = 762, 3724, 1658, 1509, 907, 4074 nuclei for adjacent, basal cell carcinoma (BCC), grades 1–3, and pooled grades. c Ovarian tissue; n = 58, 1530, 2027, 7085, 1382, 2074, 3251, 6707 nuclei for control, mucinous, low grade serous, high grade serous, grades 1–3 endometrioid adenocarcinoma, and pooled grades. d Breast tissue; n = 2455, 1918, 819, 3859, 1054, 5732 nuclei for adjacent, ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), grades 1–3, and pooled grades. e Colon tissue; n = 904, 1416, 5987, 2110, 9513 nuclei for adjacent, grades 1–3, and pooled grades. f Thyroid tissue; n = 69, 6030 nuclei for adjacent and cancer. p values for equality of means and homogeneity of scales obtained from the Kruskal-Wallis test and the Fligner test and adjusted using Benjamini-Hochberg false discovery rate corrections are labeled.
