Table 2 Univariate analysis of clinicopathological characteristics

From: Multimodal AI model for preoperative prediction of axillary lymph node metastasis in breast cancer using whole slide images

Characteristics (n = 6599)

Number of cases (%)

Number of ALNM (%)

p valuea

NG (Nuclear grade)

  

<0.0001

 1

497 (7.5%)

122 (24.5%)

 

 2

3551 (53.8%)

1104 (31.1%)

 

 3

2551 (38.7%)

902 (35.4%)

 

HG (Histologic grade)

  

<0.0001

 1

1494 (22.6%)

370 (24.8%)

 

 2

3248 (49.2%)

1140 (35.1%)

 

 3

1857 (28.1%)

618 (33.3%)

 

HG1 (Tubule formation)

  

<0.0001

 1

473 (7.2%)

93 (19.7%)

 

 2

1515 (23.0%)

456 (30.1%)

 

 3

4611 (69.9%)

1579 (34.2%)

 

HG2 (Nuclear pleomorphism)

  

<0.0001

 1

490 (7.4%)

124 (25.3%)

 

 2

3569 (54.1%)

1105 (31.0%)

 

 3

2540 (38.5%)

899 (35.4%)

 

HG3 (Mitotic rate)

  

0.10

 1

4038 (61.2%)

1263 (31.3%)

 

 2

1318 (20.0%)

441 (33.5%)

 

 3

1243 (18.8%)

424 (34.1%)

 

DCIS/LCIS

  

<0.0001

 no DCIS/LCIS

3339 (50.6%)

1148 (34.4%)

 

 DCIS/LCIS present, EIC(−)

1806 (27.4%)

623 (34.5%)

 

 DCIS/LCIS present, EIC(+)

1454 (22.0%)

357 (24.6%)

 

ER status

  

0.0004

 Negative

1559 (23.6%)

445 (28.5%)

 

 Positive

5040 (76.4%)

1683 (33.4%)

 

PR status

  

0.0057

 Negative

2529 (38.3%)

764 (30.2%)

 

 Positive

4070 (61.7%)

1364 (33.5%)

 

HER2 status

  

0.026

 Negative

5264 (79.8%)

1663 (31.6%)

 

 Positive

1335 (20.2%)

465 (34.8%)

 

Tumor location

  

0.23

 Right

3174 (48.1%)

1056 (33.3%)

 

 Left

3318 (50.3%)

1038 (31.3%)

 

 Both

107 (1.6%)

34 (31.8%)

 

Tumor size (mm)

  

<0.0001

 0–1

58 (0.9%)

4 (6.9%)

 

 1–5

351 (5.3%)

53 (15.1%)

 

 5–10

1019 (15.4%)

161 (15.8%)

 

 10–20

2903 (44.0%)

820 (28.2%)

 

 20–50

2118 (32.1%)

975 (46.0%)

 

 50–170

150 (2.3%)

115 (76.7%)

 

Ki-67 LI (%)

  

0.15

 0–20

3517 (53.3%)

1137 (32.3%)

 

 20–40

1339 (20.3%)

458 (34.2%)

 

 40–60

626 (9.5%)

195 (31.2%)

 

 60–80

355 (5.4%)

101 (28.5%)

 

 80–100

174 (2.6%)

48 (27.6%)

 

 Not applicable

588 (8.9%)

-

 
  1. ALNM axillary lymph node metastasis, DCIS ductal carcinoma in situ, LCIS lobular carcinoma in situ, EIC extensive intraductal component, ER estrogen receptor, PR progesterone receptor, HER2 human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, IHC immunohistochemical, SISH silver in situ hybridization, Ki-67 LI Ki-67 labeling index.
  2. ap values were calculated using DeLong’s test.