Fig. 9: The dominant negative Gαi3 mutation inhibits the Akt-mTOR pathway, reduces cell proliferation and migration, and promotes apoptosis in bladder cancer cells.

The priBlCa-1 primary bladder cancer cells were transduced with either a lentiviral dominant negative Gαi3 construct (“dnGαi3-Slc1” and “ dnGαi3-Slc1”, representing two stable selection) or an empty vector (“Vec”). The expression of listed proteins was shown (A, B). Following designated culture periods, cell proliferation was evaluated using nuclear EdU staining assays (C); In vitro cell migration (“Transwell” assays, D) and apoptosis (nuclear TUNEL staining assays, E) were also measured. Data were presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD). n = 5 stands for five biological repeats. Statistical significance was indicated by *P < 0.05 compared to the “Vec” group. Each experiment was repeated five times, yielding consistent results. Scale bar = 100 μm.