Fig. 1: Analysis of T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire diversity and clinical associations across cancer types and patient subgroups.

A Workflow of the study. B Circular plot illustrating sample grouping and TCR sequencing information. This study includes data from 145 clinical samples collected from patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), gastric cancer (GC), and liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC). TCR-VDJ bulk sequencing was performed on these samples. The outermost circle represents tumor type, and the inner layers correspond to TCR α (TRA), TCR β (TRB), TCR δ (TRD), and TCR γ (TRG) chains, respectively. C Bar plot showing the clone size distribution of clonotypes detected in the TRA, TRB, TRD, and TRG receptor chains. D Bar plots showing the distribution of complementary determining region 3 (CDR3) lengths across TRA, TRB, TRD, and TRG chains. E Violin plots combined with box plots showing the Shannon and Simpson diversity indices for TRA, TRB, TRD, and TRG chains. P values for two-group comparisons were calculated using the two-sided Dunn’s test with Benjamini–Hochberg (BH) adjustment, and multi-group p value by the Kruskal–Wallis test. F Violin plots combined with box plots present the number of unique clonotypes, unique V genes, and unique J genes detected in TRA, TRB, TRD, and TRG chains. P values for two-group comparisons were obtained using the two-sided Dunn’s test with BH adjustment, and multi-group p value by the Kruskal–Wallis test. G Violin plots with box plots show TCR clonotype Shannon diversity across tumor node metastasis (TNM) stages. Two-group p values were obtained by two-sided Dunn’s test with BH adjustment, and multi-group p value by the Kruskal–Wallis test. H–L Violin plots combined with box plots showing the distribution of TCR clonotype Shannon diversity across various clinical subgroups, including metastatic state (H), vascular invasion (I), cancer types (J), preoperative platelet levels (K), and postoperative platelet levels (L). For subgroup comparisons, p values were calculated using two-sided t-tests (H, I, K, L) or Wilcoxon test (J).