Fig. 2: Illustration of the Proposed COLA-GLM and Pooled analysis.
a The workflow of the proposed COLA-GLM and the aggregated data (AD) that need to be shared in an illustrative example involving three hospitals. In this workflow, each hospital shares its aggregated data (\({S}_{j},{U}_{j}\)) with the coordinating center (e.g., 28PDA). The coordinating center then reconstructs the multi-site data likelihood function using these aggregated data based on Eq. (2) and obtains estimates of coefficients by optimizing the reconstructed multi-site data likelihood function. b The workflow of the pooled analysis using the same example, where patient-level data from all three hospitals are directly shared. Notably, COLA-GLM yields identical estimations of coefficients by only sharing summary-level information (i.e., aggregated data).
