Table 1 Patient characteristics in the development and temporal set

From: GRACE-ICU: A multimodal nomogram-based approach for illness severity assessment of older adults in the ICU

 

Development set

Temporal set

 

Overall (29,761)

Survivors (25,241)

Non-survivors (4520)

P-Value

Overall (2793)

Survivors (2388)

Non-survivors (405)

P-Value

Basic information

        

Age (yr), (median, IQR)

77.0 [71.0,84.0]

77.0 [71.0,84.0]

79.0 [72.0,86.0]

<0.001

76.0 [70.0,83.0]

76.0 [70.0,83.0]

78.0 [72.0,85.0]

<0.001

Female, n (%)

14,293 (48.0)

12,087 (47.9)

2206 (48.8)

0.262

1308 (46.8)

1125 (47.1)

183 (45.2)

0.507

CCI score, (median, IQR)

6.0 [5.0,8.0]

6.0 [5.0,8.0]

7.0 [6.0,9.0]

<0.001

7.0 [5.0,9.0]

7.0 [5.0,9.0]

8.0 [6.0,10.0]

<0.001

Care unit, n (%)

   

<0.001

   

<0.001

 CCU

7589 (25.5)

6771 (26.8)

818 (18.1)

 

912 (32.7)

826 (34.6)

86 (21.2)

 

 CSRU

1688 (5.7)

1555 (6.2)

133 (2.9)

     

 MICU

8721 (29.3)

7145 (28.3)

1576 (34.9)

 

481 (17.2)

396 (16.6)

85 (21.0)

 

 Med-Surg ICU

3999 (13.4)

3313 (13.1)

686 (15.2)

 

440 (15.8)

366 (15.3)

74 (18.3)

 

 NICU

456 (1.5)

385 (1.5)

71 (1.6)

 

475 (17.0)

398 (16.7)

77 (19.0)

 

 SICU

4433 (14.9)

3671 (14.5)

762 (16.9)

 

236 (8.4)

191 (8.0)

45 (11.1)

 

 TSICU

2875 (9.7)

2401 (9.5)

474 (10.5)

 

249 (8.9)

211 (8.8)

38 (9.4)

 

Ethnicity, n (%)

   

<0.001

   

0.002

 Asian

805 (2.7)

676 (2.7)

129 (2.9)

 

77 (2.8)

67 (2.8)

10 (2.5)

 

 Black

2738 (9.2)

2387 (9.5)

351 (7.8)

 

179 (6.4)

160 (6.7)

19 (4.7)

 

 Hispanic

682 (2.3)

607 (2.4)

75 (1.7)

 

53 (1.9)

47 (2.0)

6 (1.5)

 

 Other

4081 (13.7)

3256 (12.9)

825 (18.3)

 

716 (25.6)

580 (24.3)

136 (33.6)

 

 White

21,455 (72.1)

18,315 (72.6)

3140 (69.5)

 

1768 (63.3)

1534 (64.2)

234 (57.8)

 

Physical frailty

        

 Activity bed, n (%)

21,618 (72.6)

17,585 (69.7)

4033 (89.2)

<0.001

1655 (59.3)

1332 (55.8)

323 (79.8)

<0.001

 Activity sit, n (%)

5513 (18.5)

5167 (20.5)

346 (7.7)

<0.001

648 (23.2)

582 (24.4)

66 (16.3)

<0.001

 Activity stand, n (%)

2556 (8.6)

2429 (9.6)

127 (2.8)

<0.001

488 (17.5)

473 (19.8)

15 (3.7)

<0.001

Braden scale

   

<0.001

   

<0.001

 No Risk, n (%)

483 (1.6)

477 (1.9)

6 (0.1)

 

82 (2.9)

81 (3.4)

1 (0.2)

 

 Mild Risk, n (%)

7733 (26.0)

7300 (28.9)

433 (9.6)

 

793 (28.4)

752 (31.5)

41 (10.1)

 

 Moderate Risk, n (%)

9437 (31.7)

8281 (32.8)

1156 (25.6)

 

830 (29.7)

740 (31.0)

90 (22.2)

 

 High Risk, n (%)

10,350 (34.8)

8124 (32.2)

2226 (49.2)

 

949 (34.0)

745 (31.2)

204 (50.4)

 

 Very High Risk, n (%)

1758 (5.9)

1059 (4.2)

699 (15.5)

 

139 (5.0)

70 (2.9)

69 (17.0)

 

Treatment

        

Partial code, n (%)

2693 (9.0)

1844 (7.3)

849 (18.8)

<0.001

89 (3.2)

66 (2.8)

23 (5.7)

0.003

Vasopressor, n (%)

6288 (21.1)

4650 (18.4)

1638 (36.2)

<0.001

760 (27.2)

574 (24.0)

186 (45.9)

<0.001

Mechanical ventilation, n (%)

10,799 (36.3)

8323 (33.0)

2476 (54.8)

<0.001

1015 (36.3)

791 (33.1)

224 (55.3)

<0.001

CRRT, n (%)

1286 (4.3)

992 (3.9)

294 (6.5)

<0.001

105 (3.8)

72 (3.0)

33 (8.1)

<0.001

Clinical score

        

SOFA, (median, IQR)

4.0 [2.0,7.0]

4.0 [2.0,6.0]

7.0 [4.0,10.0]

<0.001

5.0 [3.0,8.0]

4.0 [2.0,7.0]

8.0 [5.0,11.0]

<0.001

Outcome

        

ICU duration (d), (median, IQR)

2.6 [1.7,4.7]

2.4 [1.6,4.2]

3.9 [2.0,7.7]

<0.001

2.7 [1.7,5.0]

2.5 [1.6,4.6]

3.9 [2.0,8.1]

<0.001

Hospital duration (d), (median, IQR)

7.8 [4.9,12.9]

7.9 [5.0,12.8]

7.4 [3.6,13.9]

<0.001

8.8 [5.4,14.6]

8.8 [5.8,14.6]

8.1 [3.3,14.8]

<0.001

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