Fig. 1: In the sIPTW-adjusted analysis, Kaplan-Meier curves were utilized to compare CSS outcomes for various treatments of T1a-M3/T1b esophageal cancer.

Survival outcomes of different treatments: endoscopic therapy and esophagectomy (a), endoscopic therapy and CRT (b), endoscopic therapy and endoscopic therapy combined with CRT (c), endoscopic therapy and esophagectomy combined with CRT (d), endoscopic therapy combined with CRT and esophagectomy (e), endoscopic therapy combined with CRT and esophagectomy combined with CRT (f), endoscopic therapy combined with CRT and CRT (g), esophagectomy and CRT (h), esophagectomy and esophagectomy combined with CRT (i), and esophagectomy combined with CRT and CRT (j). sIPTW stabilized inverse probability of treatment weighting, CSS cancer-specific survival, CRT chemoradiotherapy.