Fig. 5: Expression and characteristics of macrophages in GC tissues.

A UMAP plot showing the further subdivision of monocyte/macrophage populations, with a total of 6 macrophage subpopulations identified. B Bubble plot showing the expression levels of typical markers in different macrophage subpopulations. The size of the bubble represents the proportion of cells expressing the marker in the corresponding subpopulation, and the color intensity indicates the significance of the marker’s differential expression. C Stacked bar chart showing the proportion of each macrophage subpopulation across different sample groups (normal/primary tumor/peritoneal metastasis). D Heatmap showing the abundance of each macrophage subpopulation in samples of different groups, calculated using the R/OE method. Box plot (E) and heatmap (F) showing the M1/M2 polarization scores of different macrophage subpopulations. G RNA Velocity-based analysis indicating the differentiation direction of different macrophage subpopulations: the start of the arrow represents the subpopulation with low differentiation potential, and the end of the arrow represents the subpopulation with high differentiation potential. H Bubble plot showing the functional enrichment results of different macrophage subpopulations. The color intensity and size of the bubbles represent the activation level and enrichment significance of the functional pathways, respectively. I Correlation scatter plot showing the correlation between the DAB2⁺TAM signature score (TAM score) and the expression levels of common immune checkpoint molecules.