Fig. 3: Pooled estimates of digital technology use in psychiatric populations.
From: A Global meta-analysis of digital divide in psychiatric population from 2004 to 2023
a Internet user rate across 2004–2021. Each bubble represents the internet user rate of an individual study, with point size proportional to sample size. Red points represent the World Health Organisation (WHO) African Region, green the European Region, blue the Region of the Americas, purple the Western Pacific Region, and grey an undefined region. The grey line shows the internet user trend of the general United States population (International Telecommunication Union1 data, adapted by authors), while the pink and orange lines represent the pooled daily and current internet user trends of the psychiatric sample, respectively. b Smartphone ownership rate across 2012–2023. Each bubble represents the smartphone ownership rate of an individual study, with point size proportional to sample size. Red points represent the WHO African Region, green the European Region, blue the Region of the Americas, purple the Western Pacific Region, and grey an undefined region. The grey line shows the trend of the general United States population (International Telecommunication Union1 data, adapted by authors). The orange line represents the trend of the psychiatric sample.
