Table 1 Select patient characteristics before propensity score adjustment in the study cohort of patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus initiating SGLT-2 inhibitors or DPP-4 inhibitors
HealthVerity | TriNetX | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(January 2018–December 2020) | (January 2013–February 2024) | |||||||
SGLT-2i initiators | DPP-4i initiators | SGLT-2i initiators | DPP-4i initiators | |||||
Patient characteristics | N/mean | %/Std deviation | Number/Mean | %/Std deviation | Number/Mean | %/Std deviation | Number/Mean | %/Std deviation |
Unique Patients | 30,174 | N/A | 42,255 | N/A | 11943 | N/A | 12,747 | N/A |
Demographic characteristics | ||||||||
Age (years) | 56.9 | 11.1 | 59.6 | 12.9 | 55.4 | 11.4 | 55.6 | 11.5 |
Sex | ||||||||
Female | 14,634 | 48.5 | 23,106 | 54.7 | 5743 | 48.1 | 6521 | 51.2 |
Male | 15,540 | 51.5 | 19,149 | 45.3 | 6200 | 51.9 | 6226 | 48.8 |
Health characteristics | ||||||||
Claims-Based Frailty Index | 0.1 | 0 | 0.2 | 0 | 0.2 | 0 | 0.2 | 0 |
Combined comorbidity Index | 1.2 | 1.8 | 1.4 | 2 | 1.5 | 2.1 | 1.2 | 2 |
Prior Metformin users | 22,764 | 75.4 | 29,922 | 70.8 | 7894 | 66.1 | 7792 | 61.1 |
Current Metformin users | 19,907 | 66 | 30,588 | 72.4 | 6941 | 58.1 | 8469 | 66.4 |
Prior Sulfonylureas users | 9770 | 32.4 | 15,940 | 37.7 | 2885 | 24.2 | 3562 | 27.9 |
Current Sulfonylureas users | 8203 | 27.2 | 14,532 | 34.4 | 2427 | 20.3 | 3247 | 25.5 |
Prior Insulin users | 7168 | 23.8 | 7271 | 17.2 | 2607 | 21.8 | 1898 | 14.9 |
Current Insulin users | 6249 | 20.7 | 6457 | 15.3 | 2278 | 19.1 | 1737 | 13.6 |
ACE inhibitors/ARBs | 20,899 | 69.3 | 29,163 | 69 | 7716 | 64.6 | 7484 | 58.7 |
Beta Blockers | 10,570 | 35 | 14,594 | 34.5 | 4305 | 36 | 3702 | 29 |
Calcium Channel Blockers | 7054 | 23.4 | 10,836 | 25.6 | 3097 | 25.9 | 2866 | 22.5 |
Hypertension | 22,724 | 75.3 | 31,973 | 75.7 | 9309 | 77.9 | 9606 | 75.4 |
Hyperlipidemia | 21,737 | 72 | 29,063 | 68.8 | 8533 | 71.4 | 8749 | 68.6 |
Myocardial Infarction | 510 | 1.7 | 470 | 1.1 | 442 | 3.7 | 155 | 1.2 |
Heart Failure | 1813 | 6 | 2498 | 5.9 | 1589 | 13.3 | 725 | 5.7 |
Diabetic Nephropathy | 2805 | 9.3 | 5118 | 12.1 | 1275 | 10.7 | 965 | 7.6 |
Diabetic Neuropathy | 5844 | 19.4 | 8748 | 20.7 | 1949 | 16.3 | 1714 | 13.4 |
Diabetic Retinopathy | 3072 | 10.2 | 4571 | 10.8 | 855 | 7.2 | 658 | 5.2 |
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus without Mention of Complications | 23,235 | 77 | 32,988 | 78.1 | 9071 | 76 | 8275 | 64.9 |
Type 2 Diabetes mellitus with Unspecified Complications | 2401 | 8 | 3509 | 8.3 | 755 | 6.3 | 726 | 5.7 |
History of Autoimmune Diseases | 1557 | 5.2 | 2088 | 4.9 | 569 | 4.8 | 567 | 4.4 |
Gallstones | 390 | 1.3 | 586 | 1.4 | 186 | 1.6 | 195 | 1.5 |
Hypertriglyceridemia | 1248 | 4.1 | 1420 | 3.4 | 380 | 3.2 | 377 | 3 |
Health service utilization intensity metrics | ||||||||
Mean number of ambulatory encounters | 8.9 | 9.2 | 8.5 | 9.8 | 8.9 | 9.5 | 8.3 | 8.7 |
Mean number of emergency room encounters | 0.3 | 0.9 | 0.4 | 1 | 0.7 | 1.6 | 0.7 | 1.6 |
Mean number of inpatient hospital encounters | 0.1 | 0.9 | 0.2 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 3.5 | 1 | 4.2 |
Mean number of non-acute institutional encounters | 0.1 | 0.6 | 0.1 | 1 | 0.1 | 2 | 0.2 | 2.4 |
Mean number of other ambulatory encounters | 4.4 | 19.7 | 6.5 | 24.8 | 6.1 | 18.1 | 5.7 | 17.4 |
Mean number of filled prescriptions | 26 | 21.2 | 26.5 | 22.1 | 23.8 | 20.3 | 22.5 | 20.9 |
Mean number of generics dispensed | 10.3 | 5.7 | 10.6 | 5.9 | 10.2 | 5.8 | 9.5 | 5.8 |
Count of antidiabetic medications | 1.4 | 0.8 | 1.3 | 0.8 | 1.2 | 0.8 | 1.1 | 0.8 |
Laboratory test results | ||||||||
Hemoglobin A1c | ||||||||
Test record in PERCENT | 8874 | 29.4 | 11518 | 27.3 | 5802 | 48.6 | 6560 | 51.5 |
Mean, standard deviation | 8.7 | 1.9 | 8.6 | 1.9 | 8.6 | 2 | 8.5 | 1.9 |
No test record | 21,300 | 70.6 | 30,737 | 72.7 | 6141 | 51.4 | 6187 | 48.5 |
Serum Creatinine | ||||||||
Test record in MG/DL | 7298 | 24.2 | 10,020 | 23.7 | 6364 | 53.3 | 7377 | 57.9 |
Mean, standard deviation | 0.9 | 0.5 | 0.9 | 0.5 | 0.9 | 0.3 | 0.9 | 0.4 |
No test record | 22,876 | 75.8 | 32,235 | 76.3 | 5579 | 46.7 | 5370 | 42.1 |
Triglycerides | ||||||||
Test record in MG/DL | 5955 | 19.7 | 8109 | 19.2 | 4152 | 34.8 | 4877 | 38.3 |
Mean, standard deviation | 176 | 90.6 | 171.4 | 87.4 | 174.2 | 93.6 | 174.3 | 92.7 |
No test record | 24,219 | 80.3 | 34,146 | 80.8 | 7791 | 65.2 | 7870 | 61.7 |
Vitals/Lifestyle factors | ||||||||
Body Mass Index (BMI) | ||||||||
Recorded in kg/m2 | 18,326 | 60.7 | 26,239 | 62.1 | 5950 | 49.8 | 6055 | 47.5 |
Mean, standard deviation | 32.4 | 5.5 | 31.6 | 5.7 | 34.8 | 8 | 34.5 | 7.9 |
Not recorded | 11,848 | 39.3 | 16,016 | 37.9 | 5993 | 50.2 | 6692 | 52.5 |
Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) | ||||||||
DBP recorded in mmHg | 24,896 | 82.5 | 34,932 | 82.7 | 7884 | 66 | 7830 | 61.4 |
Mean, standard deviation | 79 | 10.2 | 78.3 | 10.3 | 79.8 | 12.2 | 79.5 | 11.6 |
No test record | 5278 | 17.5 | 7323 | 17.3 | 4059 | 34 | 4917 | 38.6 |
Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) | ||||||||
SBP recorded in mmHg | 24,896 | 82.5 | 34,933 | 82.7 | 7834 | 65.6 | 7752 | 60.8 |
Mean, standard deviation | 131.3 | 16.5 | 131.3 | 16.8 | 134.6 | 19.6 | 134.2 | 19 |
No test record | 5278 | 17.5 | 7323 | 17.3 | 4109 | 34.4 | 4995 | 39.2 |
Tobacco Use | ||||||||
Recorded as Yes | 4384 | 14.5 | 5663 | 13.4 | 1535 | 12.9 | 1608 | 12.6 |
Recorded as No | 7588 | 25.1 | 11,807 | 27.9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Not recorded | 18,202 | 60.3 | 24,785 | 58.7 | 10,408 | 87.1 | 11,139 | 87.4 |
EHR Encounters | ||||||||
Total number of encounters | 3.4 | 2.8 | 3.5 | 2.9 | 3.9 | 4.7 | 3.9 | 4.8 |
