Table 2 Analysis of heterogeneity across all included studies

From: Pain assessment using physiological responses/markers in different types of pain: a scoping review

Characteristics

Categories (n, %n)

Type of pain*

Acute (57, 64%), chronic (18, 20.2%), intraoperative/postoperative (18, 20.2%)

Study population

Volunteers (45, 50.6%), patients (38, 42.7%), mixed (6, 6.7%)

Sample size

<20 (12, 13,5%), 20-50 (37, 41.6%), >50 (34, 38.2%), Not reported (6, 6.7%)

Sex

Balanced (19, 21.3%), majority male (15, 16.9%), majority female (27, 30.3%), only female (3, 3.4%), only male (4, 4.5%), not reported (21, 23.6%)

Methodological approach *

Pain induction (59, 66.3%), pain modulation (22, 24.7%), observational (7, 7.9%), surgery (10.1%)

Public Database

Yes (13, 14.6%), No (76, 85.4%)

  1. For characteristics marked with (*), the total percentage may exceed 100% as individual studies may report multiple attributes within a single category.