Table 1 Study patient characteristics from the four centers
Ruijin hospital | External validation cohort 1 | External validation cohort 2 | External validation cohort 3 | Total external validation cohort | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Patients | 1961 | 30 | 85 | 54 | 169 | - |
Slice | - | |||||
Arterial phase | 1,041,329 | 5883 | 32,957 | 14,772 | 53,612 | |
Portal phase | 1,597,540 | 6130 | 34,193 | 21,291 | 61,614 | |
Sex | 0.131 | |||||
Male | 1150 (58.64%) | 19 (63.33%) | 48 (56.47%) | 40 (74.07%) | 107 (63.31%) | |
Female | 811 (41.35%) | 11 (36.67%) | 37 (43.53%) | 14 (25.93%) | 62 (36.69%) | |
Age, years | 0.181 | |||||
Mean | 64 | 59 | 63 | 66 | 62 | |
Range | 24-84 | 49-70 | 28-79 | 41-86 | 22-86 | |
Presurgical oncologic assessment | 0.772 | |||||
Resectable | 1174 (59.87%) | 15 (50.00%) | 46 (54.12%) | 30 (55.56%) | 91 (53.85%) | |
Borderline resectable | 675 (34.42%) | 13 (43.33%) | 35 (41.18%) | 20 (37.04%) | 68 (40.24%) | |
Locally advanced | 112 (5.71%) | 2 (6.67%) | 4 (4.71%) | 4 (7.41%) | 10 (5.92%) | |
Pathology | ||||||
Location of primary tumor | 0.018 | |||||
Head | 1176 (59.97%) | 19 (63.33%) | 41 (48.24%) | 24 (44.44%) | 83 (49.11%) | |
Neck | 249 (12.70%) | 2 (6.67%) | 13 (15.29%) | 7 (12.96%) | 22 (13.02%) | |
Body | 413 (21.06%) | 5 (16.67%) | 21 (24.71%) | 14 (25.93%) | 40 (23.67%) | |
Tail | 123 (6.27%) | 4 (13.33%) | 10 (11.76%) | 9 (16.67%) | 24 (14.20%) | |
Median maximum tumor size (cm) | 3.0 (2.3–3.7) | 3.2 (2.0–4.3) | 2.9 (2.0–3.9) | 3.3 (2.1–4.1) | 3.1 (2.0–4.3) | 0.166 |
Resection margin, R0 | 1442 | 21 | 60 | 39 | 120 | |
Adjuvant therapy | ||||||
Preoperative neoadjuvant therapy | 104 (5.30%) | 2 (6.67%) | 4 (4.71%) | 4 (7.27%) | 10 (5.88%) | 0.691 |
Postoperative Chemotherapy | 1681 (85.72%) | 22 (73.33%) | 73 (85.88%) | 45 (81.82%) | 140 (82.35%) | |
Status of vascular invasion | ||||||
Celiac trunk artery (CA) | ||||||
No | 1746 (89.04%) | 27 (90.00%) | 80 (94.12%) | 47 (87.04%) | 154 (91.12%) | 0.728 |
≤180° | 112 (6.41%) | 2 (6.67%) | 2 (2.35%) | 3 (5.56%) | 7 (4.14%) | |
>180° | 103 (5.25%) | 1 (3.33%) | 3 (3.53%) | 4 (7.41%) | 8 (4.73%) | |
Common hepatic artery (CHA) | ||||||
No | 1690 (86.14%) | 22 (77.33%) | 77 (90.59%) | 49 (90.74%) | 148 (87.57%) | 0.341 |
≤180° | 130 (6.63%) | 4 (13.33%) | 5 (5.88%) | 2 (3.70%) | 11 (6.51%) | |
>180° | 141 (7.19%) | 4 (13.33%) | 3 (3.53%) | 3 (5.56%) | 10 (5.92%) | |
Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) | ||||||
No | 1571 (80.11%) | 25 (83.33%) | 80 (94.12%) | 49 (90.74%) | 154 (91.12%) | 0.002 |
≤180° | 301 (15.35%) | 3 (10.00%) | 2 (2.35%) | 3 (5.56%) | 8 (4.74%) | |
>180° | 89 (4.54%) | 2 (6.67%) | 3 (3.53%) | 2 (3.70%) | 7 (4.14%) | |
Superior mesenteric vein (SMV) | ||||||
No | 1522 (77.61%) | 22 (73.33%) | 69 (81.18%) | 43 (79.63%) | 137 (80.07%) | 0.067 |
≤180° | 314 (16.01%) | 3 (10.00%) | 11 (12.94%) | 4 (7.41%) | 17 (10.06%) | |
>180° | 125 (6.38%) | 5 (16.67%) | 5 (5.88%) | 7 (12.96%) | 15 (8.88%) | |
Portal vein (PV) | ||||||
No | 1584 (80.78%) | 24 (80.00%) | 68 (80.00%) | 44 (81.48%) | 136 (80.47%) | 0.080 |
≤180° | 237 (12.09%) | 2 (6.67%) | 5 (5.88%) | 4 (7.41%) | 11 (6.51%) | |
>180° | 140 (7.14%) | 4 (13.33%) | 12 (14.12%) | 6 (11.11%) | 22 (13.02%) | |
