Fig. 2: Longitudinal improvement in anxiety, function, and quality of life following AI- or doctor-guided postoperative management.

A In the AI group, GAD-7 scores decreased significantly at each postoperative time point, with the greatest reduction observed at 6 months. Function scores, PCS and MCS also improved progressively, with statistically significant increases as early as 1 month postoperatively and sustained improvements through 6 months. B In the Doctor group, all key metrics also showed significant improvement over time. However, early gains in anxiety reduction and MCS were slower to reach significance compared to the AI group, suggesting a delayed psychological recovery.