Table 3 Comparison of measurement performance of the SA-ai system at different time points

From: A deep learning based automated maxillary sinus segmentation and bone grafts analysis in CBCT images

Measurement parameters

time point

n

mean difference [95% LoA]

p-value

ICC [95% CI]

Correlation coefficient r [95% CI]

Cohen’s d

BV (mm³)

T1

19

−109.459 [-284.633, 65.721]

<0.001***

0.991 [0.979, 0.997]

0.994 [0.983, 0.998]

−0.138

T2

19

−124.954 [-318.337, 68.429]

<0.001***

0.994 [0.985, 0.998]

0.994 [0.985, 0.998]

−0.136

SBAL (mm)

T1

30

−0.6517 [-4.905, 3.602]

0.111

0.884 [0.771, 0.943]

0.885 [0.771, 0.944]

−0.144

T2

30

−1.435 [-6.448, 3.577]

0.005**

0.857 [0.722, 0.929]

0.861 [0.726, 0.932]

−0.296

SBAW (mm)

T1

30

−0.287 [-3.468, 2.895]

0.341

0.770 [0.571, 0.883]

0.781 [0.585, 0.890]

−0.117

T2

30

−0.875 [-3.931, 2.180]

0.005**

0.759 [0.553, 0.878]

0.767 [0.562, 0.883]

−0.383

SBAH (mm)

T1

30

−0.010 [-2.494, 2.475]

0.967

0.914 [0.828, 0.958]

0.937 [0.871, 0.970]

−0.003

T2

30

−0.654 [-3.006, 1.699]

0.006**

0.883 [0.769, 0.943]

0.886 [0.772, 0.945]

−0.260

  1. Significance codes: ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001. a: p-values were derived from paired t-tests (for normally distributed differences) or Wilcoxon signed-rank tests (for non-normally distributed differences: BV-T1). b: Effect size (Cohen’s d) was calculated for all comparisons. Abbreviations: BV bone volume, SBAL sinus bone augmentation length, SBAW sinus bone augmentation width, SBAH sinus bone augmentation height, LoA Limits of Agreement.