Fig. 1: Immune fingerprints across respiratory viruses.

Radar plot summarizing pathway-level activation for COVID-19, influenza, and RSV across six modules: type I/III interferon (IFN), IL-6/inflammation, T-cell activation, B-cell/antibody responses, neutrophil/NETosis, and coagulation/endothelium. Scores are normalized to 0-1, with larger radii indicating stronger activation. Profiles reveal a shared interferon signature with virus-specific bias–COVID-19 skewed toward neutrophil/NETosis and endothelial/coagulation axes, influenza toward adaptive (T/B-cell) responses, and RSV intermediate.