Fig. 7: Dataset overview and cohort characteristics.

a Distribution of patients across the three constructed data partitions (Centers) and cancer types. b Patient demographics including age distributions and sex ratios. c Modality availability heatmap, highlighting heterogeneous data completeness across partitions. d Data splitting protocol showing 70-15-15 split and the leave-onecenter-out (LOCO) validation strategy. e Preprocessing success rates across modalities. f Event distribution and Kaplan-Meier survival curves for Bladder, Kidney, and Prostate cancer cohorts from TCGA.