Extended Data Fig. 4: Direct and indirect impacts of urbanization on vegetation greenness from 2000 to 2019.
From: Contrasting effects of urbanization on vegetation between the Global South and Global North
a, Changes of average EVI in urban areas (ΔEVI) from 2000 to 2019 for global cities. b, Probability density of cities with different ΔEVIs. c,e, Same as a but for the EVI changes induced by the (c) direct and (e) indirect impacts of urbanization. d, f, Same as b but for the direct impact (d) and indirect (f) impacts on the EVI from 2000 to 2019. The red lines are the average values of EVI and the direct and indirect impacts of cities weighted by urban areas.
