Fig. 2: Spectroscopic evidence of the charge comproportionation reaction (Guyard reaction).
From: Oxygen evolution electrocatalysis resilient to voltage fluctuations

a–c, The charge comproportionation reaction between Mn7+ and Mn2+ in the presence of phosphate was investigated using UV–Vis spectroscopy (a), continuous-wave EPR (CW-EPR) (b) and Mn K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy (c). The reactions were performed at pH 2 with 1.0 M phosphate ions for 1 h at 25 °C, without applying electrochemical potentials. The formation of Mn3+ as the reaction product was subsequently confirmed via each spectroscopic technique.