Fig. 5: Regional NH3 emissions and cost-benefits under representative SSP–RCP scenarios.
From: Halving global ammonia emissions with cost-effective measures

a, Projected regional NH3 emission trajectories under SSP1–1.9, SSP2–4.5, SSP3–7.0 and SSP5–8.5. Shaded bands indicate the 95% confidence interval of estimated NH3 emissions. b, Global costs and benefits of NH3 emissions and mitigation from 2025 to 2050 by scenario. Net benefits are presented as white diamonds (means) ± 95% confidence intervals, based on the standard errors of 1,000 Monte Carlo simulations.