Fig. 6: Roadmap for global NH3 mitigation.
From: Halving global ammonia emissions with cost-effective measures
A staged pathway to reduce global NH3 emissions across all major source sectors: agriculture (dominant source), energy and industry, household, transport and waste. The roadmap links sector-specific strategies with international cooperation and cost-effective options that deliver social and environmental cobenefits. It defines coordinated global targets over three time horizons: short term (2020–2030), 20–30% reduction, driven by rapid adoption of proven, low-cost measures and clean air policies in key regions (for example, China and India); medium term (2030–2050), ~50% reduction, supported by broader structural transformation of agriculture and waste management, deployment of cleaner fuels and processes, and integration of NH3 control into policies for food security, public health and sustainable development; long term (post-2050), >50% reduction, aligned with global goals on clean air, halving nitrogen waste, achieving carbon neutrality and advancing the SDGs. Icons from OfficePLUS Free Illustration Library under a Creative Commons licence CC0 1.0.
