Extended Data Fig. 1: Research Framework.
From: Halving global ammonia emissions with cost-effective measures
This study adopts a comprehensive multi-model coupled assessment framework. Initially, a literature review and data collection were performed to get an overview of NH3 emission inventory and mitigation options, followed by a comparative analysis of several model outputs or datasets to validate the current global and regional NH3 emissions. Subsequently, the research evaluated mitigation measures across 7 sectors in 185 countries, utilizing the CHANS and GAINS models to assess their mitigation potential, implementation costs, and health, ecosystem, and climate impact. Marginal abatement cost curves for NH3 emissions across different regions/countries are generated to identify the cost-effective strategies for each. The final phase involved an examination of the varied future NH3 emission trajectories, alongside their societal costs and benefits, under four Shared Socioeconomic Pathways–Representative Concentration Pathways (SSP-RCP) scenarios, spanning from 2020 to 2050. Credit: World map, flat curve graph and computer icons from SVG SiLH (svgsilh.com) under a Creative Commons license CC0 1.0.
