Fig. 1: Revision on the understanding of Temporal Interference (TI) stimulation.
From: Cell-specific effects of temporal interference stimulation on cortical function
(Left) Simplified schematic of the current understanding of TI stimulation: neurons in the target region are preferentially activated by modulated sinusoids, whereas pure sinusoids do not activate neurons in the off-target regions. (Middle) Our results show that under isolation from the network, two common neuron types fire in both off-target regions (by pure sinusoids) and target regions (by modulated sinusoids), implying isolated neurons rarely exhibit TI stimulation. (Right) Simplified schematic of the revised understanding of TI: pure sinusoids make PV neurons fire at high firing rates, thereby actively inhibiting Pyr neurons from firing in the off-target region. In the target region, modulated sinusoids make PV and Pyr fire at similar firing rates, thereby causing lower inhibition in Pyr neurons and allowing Pyr neurons to fire at lower thresholds.
