Fig. 5: Dissection of regulatory roles of sex hormones in porcine testes.

a Single cell of Leydig lineage cast on PCA plot, colored by stages of development. b Line plots showing the expression levels of steroidogenic genes in each stage of development. c Box plots showing the concentration of Testosterone (top) or Estrogen (bottom) in serum of postnatal Bama pigs. Boxes represent the interquartile range with the median as a horizontal line, and points are shown as each replicate. Source data are provided in Supplementary Data 1. d Expression patterns of CYP17A1 and CYP19A1 projected onto the PCA plot from (e) GO terms enriched in up-regulated genes of estrogen synthesizing Leydig cells compared to other Leydig cells (log2foldchange > 0.25). f Line plots showing the expression levels of ESR1 and ESRRA in each stage of development. g Clustering analysis of dynamic gene expression during development of supporting lineage. Four modules of genes form two distinct categories according to the expression patterns. Median of normalized gene-expression level of each module (orange line) was shown. h Correlation analysis of ESR1 and ESRRA expression with up-regulated ER genes (left) or down- regulated ER genes (right) using Pearson’s correlation coefficients. Points represent the cells in supporting lineage, colored by developmental stages. AveExpr: average expression. i GO terms enriched in up-regulated and down-regulated ER genes with -log10(p value) colored according to the color key at the bottom.