Table 1 Summary of pregnancy and parturition in wild-type mice and Abcg5/g8 homozygous knockout mice

From: Dietary phytosterols induce infertility in female mice via epigenomic modulations

(a) Fertility evaluation in terms of the number of mice with pregnancy and parturition

Female genotype

Diet

Number of mice tested

Number and ratio of pregnancy \(\left(\frac{{{\bf{Number}}}\; {{\bf{of}}}\; {{\bf{mice}}}\; {{\bf{with}}}\; {{\bf{pregnancy}}}}{{{\bf{Number}}}\; {{\bf{of}}}\; {{\bf{mice}}}\; {{\bf{tested}}}}\right)\)

Number and ratio of parturition \(\left(\frac{{{\bf{Number}}}\; {{\bf{of}}}\; {{\bf{mice}}}\; {{\bf{with}}}\; {{\bf{parturition}}}}{{{\bf{Number}}}\; {{\bf{of}}}\; {{\bf{mice}}}\; {{\bf{tested}}}}\right)\)

WT

Chow (Control diet: CD)

10

10/10 (100%)

10/10 (100%)

KO

CD

10

0/10 (0%)a

0/10 (0%)a

KO

CD + Ezetimibe

7

7/7 (100%)b, c

7/7 (100%)b, c

KO

Vegetable oil-free diet (VOFD)

10

10/10 (100%)b, c

10/10 (100%)b, c

KO

VOFD + PS mix

5

0/5 (0%)a, d

0/5 (0%)a, d

KO

VOFD + β-Sitosterol

5

1/5 (20%)a, d

0/5 (0%)a, d

KO

VOFD + Campesterol

7

5/7 (71.4%)b, c

3/7 (42.9%)a, c

KO

VOFD + Stigmasterol

7

7/7 (100%)b, c

5/7 (71.4%)b, c

KO

VOFD + Brassicasterol

5

0/5 (0%)a, d

0/5 (0%)a, d

KO

CD (Metformin administration)

5

4/5 (80%)b, c

3/5 (60%)a, c

(b) Fertility evaluation in terms of the number of crosses with pregnancy and parturition

Female genotype

Diet

Number of successful crosses

Number and ratio of pregnancy \(\left(\frac{{{\bf{Number}}}\; {{\bf{of}}}\; {{\bf{crosses}}}\; {{\bf{with}}}\; {{\bf{pregnancy}}}}{{{\bf{Number}}}\; {{\bf{of}}}\; {{\bf{successful}}}\; {{\bf{crosses}}}}\right)\)

Number and ratio of parturition \(\left(\frac{{{\bf{Number}}}\; {{\bf{of}}}\; {{\bf{crosses}}}\; {{\bf{with}}}\; {{\bf{parturition}}}}{{{\bf{Number}}}\; {{\bf{of}}}\; {{\bf{successful}}}\; {{\bf{crosses}}}}\right)\)

WT

Chow (Control diet: CD)

10

10/10 (100%)

10/10 (100%)

KO

CD

15

0/15 (0%)a

0/15 (0%)a

KO

CD + Ezetimibe

10

10/10 (100%)b, c

10/10 (100%)b, c

KO

Vegetable oil-free diet (VOFD)

15

15/15 (100%)b, c

15/15 (100%)b, c

KO

VOFD + PS mix

15

0/15 (0%)a, d

0/15 (0%)a, d

KO

VOFD + β-Sitosterol

15

1/15 (6.7%)a, d

0/15 (0%)a, d

KO

VOFD + Campesterol

18

6/18 (33.3%)a, c

4/18 (22.2%)a, d

KO

VOFD + Stigmasterol

20

15/20 (75.0%)b, c

8/20 (40.0%)a, c

KO

VOFD + Brassicasterol

15

0/15 (0%)a, d

0/15 (0%)a, d

KO

CD (Metformin administration)

15

8/15 (53.3%)a, c

6/15 (40.0%)a, c

  1. Pregnancy and parturition were monitored in wild-type (WT) mice fed with Chow diet (Control diet: CD), Abcg5/g8 homozygous knockout (KO) mice fed with CD, CD supplemented with ezetimibe (CD + Ezetimibe), vegetable oil-free diet (VOFD), VOFD supplemented with phytosterol mix (β-sitosterol, campesterol, stigmasterol, brassicasterol: PS mix), or VOFD supplemented with individual phytosterols, in addition to CD-fed and metformin-administered KO mice. All mice were weaned at 4 weeks and mated with fertile male WT mice at 8 weeks. Fertility was evaluated (a) in terms of the number and ratio of mice with pregnancy and parturition normalized by the number of mice tested, and (b) in terms of the number and ratio of crosses with pregnancy and parturition normalized by the number of successful crosses with a vaginal plug observed. a: statistically different (p < 0.05) and b: not significantly different, using the chi-square test compared with CD-fed WT mice. c: statistically different (p < 0.05) and d: not significantly different, using the chi-square test compared with CD-fed KO mice.
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