Fig. 4: Validation of the impact of GLUT1 in CAFs on OC cell biological characteristics through 3D bioprinting model.

A Schematic representation of the construction of an OC tumor model with co-cultured CAFs and SKOV3 cells (Created by BioRender). B Bioprinting experiment conducted during the hydrogel optimization phase. C H&E staining image of the 3D bioprinting structure. D Live/dead cell staining of the 3D printed structure, where green fluorescence represents live cells and red fluorescence indicates dead cells (scale bar=25 μm). E Cell viability assessment in the 3D printed tissues using the CCK-8 assay. F Measurement of lactic acid content in the 3D printed structures of each group. G Immunohistochemical staining to detect the expression changes of TGF-β1, p-p38, MMP2, and MMP9 proteins in the 3D printed tissues of each group (scale bar=30 μm). H Live/Dead cell staining of the 3D printed structure, with green fluorescence indicating live cells and red fluorescence indicating dead cells (scale bar = 25 μm). I Cell viability in the 3D printed tissue measured by CCK8 assay. J Lactate content measurement in each group of 3D printed structures. K Immunohistochemical staining to detect the expression changes of TGF-β1, p-p38, MMP2, and MMP9 proteins in each group of 3D printed tissues (scale bar = 30 μm). Data are expressed as Mean ± SD, with each experiment repeated 3 times. The quantitative data in the figures are presented as Mean ± SD, with each experiment group repeated three times. A connection between the two groups indicates a significant difference.