Fig. 5: Local fluctuations of thalamic nuclei.

a Sample entropy (left) and rolling standard deviation (right) of 11 thalamic nuclei across different consciousness states. Shaded regions demarcate distinct nuclear groups (anterior, lateral, posterior, and medial groups). Asterisks indicate significant changes in thalamic regions where the Wilcoxon signed-rank test showed p < 0.05. b Venn diagrams showing significantly altered thalamic nuclei across consciousness states, with emphasis on MCS-UWS differences in the DoC group. c Anatomical visualization of significantly altered thalamic nuclei, including two first-order nuclei (VLp and VPL nuclei) and three higher-order nuclei (CM, Pul, and MD nuclei).