Fig. 1: Analysis of the evolution of bone ECM proteins in vertebrates.
From: Bone mechano-response is driven by locomotion transitions during vertebrate evolution
a Percentage identity of bone ECM homologous proteins between H. sapiens and D. rerio (Table S2). b Correlation of the root mean square deviation (RMSD) and the template modeling score (TM-Score) of bone ECM homologous proteins between Homo sapiens and Danio rerio (full results are available in supplementary Table S3). c Schematic representation of the positive selection analysis of bone ECM proteins in vertebrate evolution (full results are available in Tables S4–6). d Contingency table of mechanical stimulation and positive selection. The table is divided into four groups. Proteins in group i (osteopontin, fetuin A, fetuin B, BSP, and MATN3) showed expression differences under mechanical stimulation and experienced positive selection during vertebrate evolution. Group ii proteins exhibited no positive selection and no differential expression under mechanical stimulation. None of the proteins tested belonged to group ii. The proteins in group iii (osteonectin, ALP, and TGF-β3) were under purifying selection and exhibited differences in protein expression under the static versus the mechanical stimulation conditions. The proteins in group iv (annexin A1 and RSPO1) were under purifying selection and exhibited no differences in protein expression during the mechanical stimulation experiments. Created in BioRender. Nakamura, M. (2025) https://BioRender.com/0lkt0g1.
