Fig. 2: Blue light exposure induced neuronal activation in the V2M and PrL.

A Representative images of c-Fos⁺ immunofluorescence staining in different brain regions for two groups. PrL (prelimbic cortex), V2M (secondary visual cortex), HIP (hippocampus), vLGN (ventrolateral geniculate nucleus), V1 (primary visual cortex) (Scale bar, 200 μm). B Quantitative analysis of c-Fos⁺ expression in various brain regions. (n = 6 slices per group). C Schematic diagram of anterograde tracing from V2M to PrL. D Representative image of the injection site in V2M (left); representative image of tdTomato⁺ neurons in PrL (right) (Scale bar, 200 μm). E Representative images of co-labeling of tdTomato⁺ neurons with GABAergic interneurons or glutamatergic neurons in PrL (Scale bar, 20 μm). F Statistical analysis of co-labeling of tdTomato⁺ neurons with GABAergic interneurons or glutamatergic neurons in PrL. G Schematic diagram of retrograde tracing from PrL to V2M. H Representative image of the injection site in PrL (left); representative image of tdTomato⁺ neurons in V2M (right) (Scale bar, 200 μm). I Representative images of co-labeling of tdTomato⁺ neurons with GABAergic interneurons or glutamatergic neurons in V2M (Scale bar, 20 μm). J Statistical analysis of co-labeling of tdTomato⁺ neurons with GABAergic interneurons or glutamatergic neurons in V2M. K Schematic diagram of co-labeling of c-Fos⁺ with GABAergic interneurons and glutamatergic neurons in V2M. L Representative images of c-Fos⁺ immunofluorescence staining in V2M (left: control group; right: blue light group, Scale bar, 200 μm). M Representative images of co-labeling of c-Fos⁺ neurons with glutamatergic or GABAergic neurons in the V2M region of the blue light exposure group (Scale bar, 20 μm). N Statistical analysis of co-labeling of c-Fos⁺ neurons with glutamatergic or GABAergic neurons in the V2M region of the blue light exposure group. All data are presented as mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001; n.s. not significant. Details of the statistical analyses are presented in Supplementary information (Table 2).