Table 1 Compounds of the pheromonal blends

“Alarm pheromone”

octyl acetate

(Z)-3-hexenyl acetate

IPA (isopentyl acetate)

2-heptanone

2-nonanol

(Z)-11-eicosen-1-ol

^10,42,43,114

“Queen Mandibular Pheromone (QMP)”

HVA (9-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid)

HOB (4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylethanol)

9-ODA (9-oxo-2-decenoic acid)

9-HDA (9-hydroxy-2-decanoic acid)

10-HDA (10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid)

^115,116,117

“Queen Retinue Pheromone (QRP)”

linolenic acid

hexadecan-1-ol

coniferyl alcohol

methyl salicylate

¹¹⁸

“Aggregation pheromone”

citral

nerol

geranic acid

(E,E)-farnesol

^87,119,120

“Waggle dance pheromone”

n-pentacosane

n-tricosane

(Z)-9-tricosene

¹³

“Brood pheromone”

methyl linoleate

ethyl palmitate

methyl linolenate

ethyl oleate

stearic acid

β-ocimene

^15,121