Fig. 1: Prolonged light exposure reduces mEPSC amplitudes in tectal neurons.

a Schematic representation of light exposure conditions: control (12LE), long-day exposure (20LE), and short-day exposure (4LE). b–d Representative mEPSCs traces from tectal neurons exposed to 4LE, 12LE, and 20LE at 2 dpl (b), 5 dpl (c), and 8 dpl (d). Scale bar: 20 pA, 2 s. e Quantitative analysis shows that mEPSCs amplitudes decrease in 20LE tadpoles compared to 12LE tadpoles at 2, 5, and 8 dpl. 2 dpl: n = 24, 19, 17; 5 dpl: n = 19, 16, 21; 8 dpl: n = 12, 14, 9 for 4LE, 12LE, and 20LE. f No significant changes were observed in inter-event intervals (IEIs) or mEPSC frequencies for 20LE-treated neurons compared to 12LE across all time points. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 (Kolmogorov–Smirnov test or ANOVA with Newman–Keuls post hoc test).