Fig. 1: Diversity and community composition of rhizosphere microbiome across dominant plant populations.

Shannon diversity and community composition of rhizosphere bacteria (a, b) and fungi (c, d). Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among plants based on a Kruskal–Wallis test followed by Dunn’s post-hoc test with Benjamini-Hochberg correction (P < 0.05). PCoA analyses were conducted using Bray-Curtis distance matrices, and statistical differences among dominant plant populations were assessed by PERMANOVA (variance explained, R2; significance, P value). For each plant, n = 9, except for SMS3 (n = 3) and AM4 (n = 4). Different dominant plant populations are displayed in various colors, where each color series corresponds to a specific vegetation type.