Fig. 5: The impact of EV-ANH on cell proliferation and inflammatory responses.
A, B A CCK-8 assay was used to assess the viability of HaCaT cells treated with EV (0, 1, 2.5, or 5 µg/mL) with or without LPS (1 µg/mL) for 24 or 48 h (n = 3). C qRT-PCR was conducted to quantify the mRNA expression levels of IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-23 in HaCaT cells after 12 h of treatment with LPS (1 µg/mL) or EV (0, 1, 2.5, or 5 µg/mL) (n = 3). D After the dorsal hair was shaved, the mice (excluding those in the control group) were given 62.5 mg of IMQ daily from day 1 to day 6. The EV group was treated with 50 µg/mouse of EV, and the EV-ANH group was administered 2 mg/mL of EV-ANH. E Images of the dorsal skin from each group (n = 5) on day 6. F Calculated psoriasis area severity index (PASI) scores. G–I Daily evaluations of scaling, epidermal thickening, and erythema severity. J Spleen indices of all the groups. The p -values were calculated via one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test for (A–C, J). P-values were calculated via two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test for (F–I). (Mean ± SD; CON, ###P < 0.001; VS. LPS, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001; VS. CON, ####P < 0.0001; VS. IMQ, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001; ns = not significant).
