Fig. 1: PiR48444 was negatively correlated with the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs.

A Alizarin red staining at day 14. B Expression pattern of osteogenic differentiation markers at day 7. C The correlation analysis heatmap of differentially expressed piRNAs and mRNAs in SHED at day 7 of osteogenic differentiation. D Differentially expressed piRNAs targeting BMP2 in SHED. E The bioinformatic expression pattern of piR48444. F The RT-qPCR analysis of piR48444 in different MSCs (G), LPS-treated BMSCs (H), and aged BMSCs (I). The bioinformatics analysis of piR48444 expression in mononuclear cells from peripheral blood (n = 3) (GSE159121). J RT-qPCR analysis of piR48444 expression in plasma (n = 15) of osteoporosis patients. K The cytoplasm and nucleus separation analysis of piR48444 in the nucleus and cytoplasm. L The piR48444 probe staining. M The binding of piR48444 with PIWIL1 protein. N The expression level of piR48444 in PIWIL1-KD SHED. Data in (B, E–J, L, N) presented as mean ± SD; statistical analysis via Student’s t test for two-group comparisons; significance levels: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001. PM proliferation medium; OM osteogenic medium.