Fig. 6: Characterization of B cell subtypes in women with GDM and NP.

A Uniform manifold approximation and projection (UMAP) plot showing distinct B cell subtypes. B UMAP plots illustrating the expression of canonical marker genes across distinct B cell subtypes. C Scatter plots with fitted curves showing the expression dynamics of canonical marker genes for B cells along pseudotime. Each dot represents a single cell, colored by cell state. Black curves indicate smoothed expression trends fitted along pseudotime. D Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis of differential expression gene (DEGs) in B cells between the GDM and NP groups. E Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks of upregulated DEGs in B cells between the GDM and NP groups. F Differential activity and specificity scores of transcription factors (TFs) in B cells between the GDM and NP groups. TF activity scores are shown on the left and TF specificity scores on the right. G TF-regulated intergroup differential genes in B cells. H KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of DEGs upregulated by TFs in GDM.