Table 1 Addictive drug abuse and DNA methylation
From: Addictive drug abuse and depression-a focus on epigenetics
Drug | Species | Tissue | Mechanism/effects | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Methamphetamine | Rodents | Striatum | Fisher 344 rats → DNMT1↑ Lewis rats → DNMT1 ↓ → HPA → glucocorticoid receptor mRNA levels↓ | |
Nucleus accumbens | ||||
Nucleus accumbens | CpG demethylation ↓ → α-Syn↑ | |||
Nucleus accumbens | DNA hydroxymethylation↑ | |||
Cocaine | Rodents | Nucleus accumbens | DNMT3a ↓ → thin dendritic spines on nucleus accumbens neurons↑ | |
Rodents | Nucleus accumbens | DNMT 1↓, DNMT 3a↓ | ||
Rodents | Nucleus accumbens | D1 receptor signaling → DNMT 2↑ | ||
Human | ||||
Rodents | Nucleus accumbens | Protein phosphatase-1 catalytic subunit → DNMT3A↑, DNMT3B↑ | ||
Heroin | Rodents | Limbic midbrain area | Hypo-methylation in the EGR2 promoter region and EGR1 intragenic CpG sites →  mRNA expression ↓ → drug addiction | |
Dorsal hippocampus | DNMT3a ↓ → CaMKK1 ↑ → CaMKIα ↑ → induce synaptic and behavioral plasticity | |||
Heroin | Rodents | Hippocampus CA1 | Ten-eleven translocation enzymes → DNA demethylation↓ TET3 ↑ → TET1↓and TET returned to the baseline level → drug addiction | |
Hippocampus CA1 | DNMT3a ↑ → drug addiction | |||
Hippocampus | DNMT1 ↑ → hypermethylation of GR17 promoter →  GR ↓ → HPA axis dysfunction → drug addiction |
