Fig. 4

Model structures of triple phase boundary-1. a Experimental image. b Simulated image by using the QSTEM software. c Atomistic model imposed on the experimental image. d Atomistic model containing Ni (1770 atoms) and YSZ (Zr₁₁₀₀Y₂₀₀O₂₅₀₀, 8 mol% of yttria)