Fig. 2

Particle number influences acoustically driven release from liposomes. a Total cumulative CF release from liposomes tethered to 0 μL (blue), 50 μL (orange), 100 μL (grey), 150 μL (yellow), 200 μL (purple) and 250 μL (green – on x-axis) of a HGN suspension (8 mg mL⁻¹) in response to 15 s of ultrasound application (2.4 W cm⁻², 0.64 MPa, 100% duty cycle). The data represent average ± standard error. The total CF concentration in suspension is ~5.7 ± 0.2 μM. b Exemplar cryo-TEM of a suspension of HGN–liposomes indicating bare liposomes (green arrow), liposomes tethered to one HGN (blue arrow), liposomes tethered to multiple HGNs (orange arrow) and clusters of HGN–liposomes (red arrow). Scale bar = 200 nm. c Analysis of the relative proportions of different species present within a HGN–liposome suspension, including liposomes tethered to one HGN (grey), liposomes tethered to multiple particles (yellow), and HGN–liposome clusters (blue)