Fig. 7
From: Niobium pentoxide nanomaterials with distorted structures as efficient acid catalysts
Catalytic performance of the niobium oxide materials. Initial reaction rates of a furfuryl alcohol and b 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural conversion over the niobium oxides. Conversion (X) and product yields (Y) for the reactions of c furfuryl alcohol, d 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural, and e α-angelica lactone with ethanol. Reaction conditions: 140 °C, 3 h (for c, d, and e) catalyst loading equivalent to 5.8 gNb2O5 L−1, initial concentration of FA, HMF or AnL = 0.33 M in ethanol
