Fig. 1

Characterization of a freestanding flexible transparent LSMCS electrode. a A photograph of the electrode displaying its highly optical transparency. b–e Top view SEM images of the electrode at different magnifications. f A cross-sectional view SEM image of a conduit of the electrode revealing a core–shell structure. g–i EDX mapping of Ni, C, and Fe elements, respectively, acquired on the conduit shown in f. Scale bar in b is 500 µm, in c 30 µm, in d 5 µm, in e 1 µm, and in f–i 10 µm.