Fig. 7: Magnetic states of palladium(II) ions.

Magnetic states of palladium(II) ions in square-planar coordination symmetry as a function of crystal field normalized to the Racah parameter B without 4d spin–orbit coupling a and with 4d spin–orbit coupling b. Panel c shows the magnetic states as a function of degree of square-planarity by variation of Dt and Ds for a fixed value 10Dq = 1.7 eV, where 1.0 corresponds to square-planar symmetry and 0.0 corresponds to octahedral symmetry. The molecular field is considered as a measure of stability against external parameters like, e.g. a magnetic field. Panels d–f illustrate the change of coordination and energy level splitting with increasing degree of square-planarity from left to right.