Fig. 3: Catalytic behaviors for C4 olefin catalytic cracking reactions over Z-cS, Z-cM, and Z-cL catalysts.

a C4= conversions. b Yields of propene and ethene. c, d detailed C4= conversions and C2-3= yields at different reaction times. Reaction conditions: M (catalyst) = 0.3 g; P = 1.6 bar; T = 823 K; F = 15 mL h−1; time on stream, 50 h.