Fig. 5: UV–vis absorption spectra of TPP derivatives in 16 solvents.

a Spectra of TPP derivatives 2 and 7 in 16 solvents. The original spectra were plotted in blue lines. Major peaks around 420 nm were fit using single-Gaussian (orange lines) and two-Gaussian (green and red lines). b Four indicator values (\({{{{{{\boldsymbol{\lambda }}}}}}}_{{{\max }}}\), Intensity, FWHM, and Area) for 2 and 7 were considered from Gaussian-fittings. Hatched columns represent cases with no peak detected around 420 nm. c Histograms of four indicators for all 240 evaluations; main peaks detected for 215 spectra and no main peaks detected for 25 spectra.