Fig. 1: Chemical oxidant-free CDC pathways.

a Previous chemical oxidant-free CDC works. I Work of Xu et al. on external oxidant-free, photochemical dehydrogenative cross-coupling. II Work of Ravelli et al. on external oxidant-free, photochemical dehydrogenative cross-coupling. III Works of Wu et al. on tetra-n-butylammonium decatundstate (TBADT) and cobaloxime-mediated and stop-flow microtubing reactor (SFMR)-assisted dehydrogenative cross-coupling. IV Work of Li et al. on cobalt-catalyzed dehydrogenative cross-coupling. b The work reported herein.