Table 1 Optimization of the chloroquinoline fragment

From: Development of Nurr1 agonists from amodiaquine by scaffold hopping and fragment growing

ID

structure

EC50(Nurr1) (max. activation)a

Kd (Nurr1 LBD)b

3

17 ± 6 µM (1.7 ± 0.1-fold)

n.d.

5

inactive (100 µM)

n.d.

6

unstable

n.d.

7

inactive (100 µM)

n.d.

8

7 ± 1 µM (2.0 ± 0.1-fold)

2.7 µM

9

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inactive (100 µM)

weak binding

10

inactive (100 µM)

weak binding

11

inactive (100 µM)

7.2 µM

12

< 1.2-fold activation

5.1 µM

13

inactive (100 µM)

weak binding

  1. aNurr1 modulation was determined in a Gal4-Nurr1 hybrid reporter gene assay. Max. activation refers to the maximum effect vs. 0.1% DMSO control. Data are the mean ± SD; n ≥ 3. bKd values were determined by isothermal titration calorimetry (cf. Fig. 2a Supplementary Fig. 1). n.d. - not determined; weak binding - titration of 15 µM Nurr1 with 100 µM ligand showed heat differences indicative of binding that could not be fitted, however.